The debate about spaying and neutering pet rabbits is essentially settled by a single statistic: unspayed female rabbits have up to an 80% chance of developing uterine adenocarcinoma by age 4-6 years. This is one of the most well-documented cancer statistics in any domestic animal.

The Uterine Cancer Reality

Studies consistently show 50-80% rates of uterine cancer in unspayed females over 4 years old, with rates climbing with age. This cancer is aggressive, metastasizing to lungs and liver. By the time symptoms appear (blood in urine, lethargy, weight loss), the cancer is often too advanced. Spaying eliminates this risk completely.

Benefits for Both Sexes

Females: Eliminates uterine and ovarian cancer, prevents pyometra (life-threatening uterine infection), stops false pregnancies, and reduces territorial aggression. Males: Eliminates testicular cancer, dramatically reduces urine spraying and marking, reduces aggression and mounting, and eliminates strong musky odor.

Timing and Surgery

Males: as soon as testicles descend, typically 3-5 months. Females: 4-6 months, ideally before the first heat cycle. The surgery must be performed by a rabbit-experienced veterinarian — rabbit anesthesia carries unique risks. Post-surgery, rabbits must eat within 12-24 hours to prevent GI stasis. Males recover in 24-48 hours; females need 7-10 days.